"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him, should not perish—but have everlasting life." John 3:16

I have been solicitously thinking in what way my life, redeemed from the grave, may be of most service to my dear people. And I would collect all the feebled remains of my strength into one vigorous effort this day, to promote this benevolent end. If I knew what subject has the most direct tendency to save your souls—that is the subject to which my heart would cling with peculiar endearment, and which I would make the matter of the present discourse.

And when I consider that I am speaking to an assembly of sinners, guilty, depraved, helpless creatures; and that, if ever you are saved, it will be only through Jesus Christ, in that way which the gospel reveals; when I consider that your ever-lasting life and happiness turn upon this hinge, namely, the reception you give to this Savior, and this way of salvation; I say, when I consider these things, I can think of no subject I can more properly choose than to recommend the Lord Jesus to your acceptance, and to explain and inculcate the method of salvation through his mediation; or, in other words, to preach the pure gospel to you; for the gospel, in the most proper sense, is nothing else but a revelation of a way of salvation for sinners of Adam's race.

My text furnishes me with proper materials for my purpose. Let heaven and earth hear it with wonder, joy, and raptures of praise!

"God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whoever, or that every one that believes in him should not perish—but have everlasting life."

This is a part of the most important evening conversation that ever was held; I mean, that between Christ and Nicodemus, a Pharisee and ruler of the Jews. Our Lord first instructs him in the doctrine of regeneration, that grand element of a Christian, and pre-requisite to our admission in the kingdom of heaven; and then he proceeds to inform him of the gospel-method of salvation, which contains these two grand articles, the death of Christ, as the great foundation of blessedness; and faith in him, as the great qualification on the part of the sinner.

He presents this important doctrine to us in various forms, with a very significant repetition. As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; that is—hung on high on a cross, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have everlasting life. Then follows my text, which expresses the same doctrine with great force: "God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, gave him up to death, that whoever believes in him should not perish—but have everlasting life."

He goes on to mention a wonder. This earth is a rebellious province of Jehovah's dominions, and therefore if his Son should ever visit it, one would think it would be as an angry judge, or as the executioner of his Father's vengeance. But, O astonishing! God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world—but that the world through him might be saved. Hence the terms of life and death are thus fixed. He who believes on him is not condemned: but he who believes not is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. Sure the heavenly rivers of pleasure flow in these verses. Never, methinks, was there so much gospel expressed in so few words. Here, take the gospel in miniature, and bind it to your hearts forever. These verses alone, methinks, are a sufficient remedy for a dying world!

The truths I would infer from the text for present improvement are these:

1. that without Christ, you are all in a perishing condition;

2. that through Jesus Christ a way is opened for your salvation;

3. that the grand pre-requisite to your being saved in this way, is faith in Jesus Christ;

4. that every one, without exception, whatever his former character has been, who is enabled to comply with this prerequisite, shall certainly be saved;

5. and that the constitution of this method of salvation, or the mission of Christ into our world, as the Savior of sinners—is a most striking and astonishing instance and display of the love of God.

1. My text implies, that without Christ you are all in a perishing condition. This holds true of you in particular, because it holds true of the world universally; for the world was undoubtedly in a perishing condition without Christ, and none but he could relieve it; otherwise God would never have given his only begotten Son to save it. God is not ostentatious or wasteful with his gifts, especially of so inestimable a gift as his Son, whom he loves infinitely more than the whole creation. So great, so dear a person would not have been sent upon a mission which could have been discharged by any other being. Thousands of rams must bleed in sacrifice, or ten thousands of rivers of oil must flow; our first-born must die for our transgressions, and the fruit of our body for the sin of our souls; or Gabriel, or some of the upper ranks of angels, must leave their thrones, and hang upon a cross, if such methods of salvation had been sufficient. All this would have been nothing—in comparison of the only begotten Son of God leaving his native heaven, and all its glories, assuming our degraded nature, spending thirty-three long and tedious years in poverty, disgrace, and persecution, dying as a malefactor and a slave in the midst of ignominy and torture, and lying a mangled breathless corpse in the grave. We may be sure there was the highest degree of necessity for it, otherwise God would not have given up his dear Son to such a horrid scene of sufferings!

This, then, was the true state of the world without Christ—and consequently yours; it was hopeless and desperate in every view. In that situation there would not have been so much goodness in the world as to try the efficacy of sacrifices, prayers, tears, reformation, and repentance; or they would have been tried in vain. It would have been inconsistent with the honor of the divine perfections and government, to admit sacrifices, prayers, tears, repentance, and reformation, as a sufficient atonement.

What a melancholy view of the world have we now before us! We know the state of mankind only under the gracious government of a Mediator; and we but seldom realize what our miserable condition would have been, had this gracious plan of salvation never been set up. But exclude a Savior in your thoughts for a moment, and then take a view of the world—helpless! hopeless!—under the righteous displeasure of God; and despairing of relief!—the very suburbs of hell! the range of malignant devils! the region of guilt, misery, and despair!—the mouth of the infernal pit!—the gate of hell! This would have been the condition of our world—had it not been for that Jesus who redeemed it; and yet in this very world he is neglected and despised.

But you will ask me, "How it happened, that the world was in such an undone, helpless, hopeless condition without Christ; or what are the reasons of all this?" The true account of this will appear from these two considerations, that all mankind are sinners; and that no other method but the mediation of Christ could render the salvation of sinners, consistent with the honor of the divine perfections and government, with the public good, and even with the nature of things.

All mankind are sinners. This is too evident to need proof. They are sinners, rebels against the greatest and best of beings—against their Maker, their liberal Benefactor, and their rightful Sovereign—to whom they are under stronger and more endearing obligations than they can be under to any creature, or even to the entire system of creatures! All are sinners and rebels against God; none are righteous, no, not one; all are sinners, without exception: sinners from age to age for thousands of years—thousands, millions, innumerable multitudes of sinners! What an obnoxious race is this! There appears no difficulty in the way of justice to punish such creatures. But what seeming insuperable difficulties appear in the way of their salvation! Let me mention a few of them to recommend that blessed Savior who has removed them all:

If such sinners are saved—how shall the holiness and justice of God be displayed? How shall he give an honorable view of himself to all worlds—as a being of perfect purity, and an enemy to all moral evil?

If such sinners are saved—how shall the honor of the divine government and law be secured? How will the dignity of the law appear—if a race of rebels may trifle with it with impunity? What a sorry law must that be—which has no sanctions, or whose sanctions may be dispensed with at pleasure! What a contemptible government, that may be insulted and rejected, and the offender admitted into favor—without exemplary punishment? No government can exist upon such principles of excessive indulgence.

How can such sinners be saved—and yet the good of the public secured, which is always the end of every wise and good ruler? By the public good I do not mean the happiness of mankind alone—but I mean the happiness of all worlds of reasonable creatures collectively; in comparison of which, the happiness of mankind alone may be only a private interest, which should always give way to the public good.

Sin has a direct tendency to scatter misery and ruin wherever its infection reaches. Therefore the public good cannot properly be consulted without giving a loud and effectual warning against all sin, and dealing with offenders in such a manner as to deter others from offending. But how can this be done? How can the sinner be saved—and yet the evil of sin displayed—and all other beings be deterred from it forever? How can sin be discouraged—by pardoning it? How can its evil displayed—by letting the criminal escape punishment? These are such difficulties, that nothing but divine wisdom could ever surmount them!

These difficulties lie in the way of a mere pardon, and exemption from punishment: but salvation includes more than this. When sinners are saved, they are not only pardoned—but received into high favor, made the children, the friends, the courtiers of the King of heaven! They are not only delivered from punishment—but also advanced to a state of perfect positive happiness, and nothing short of this can render such creatures as ourselves, happy. Now, in this view, the difficulties rise still higher, and it is the more worthy of observation, as this is not generally the case in human governments; and as men are apt to form their notions of the divine government by human, they are less sensible of these difficulties.

But this is indeed the true state of the case here; how can the sinner be not only delivered from punishment—but also advanced to a state of perfect happiness? How can the sinner not only escape the displeasure of his offended Sovereign—but be received into full favor, and advanced to the highest honor and dignity? How can this be done without casting a cloud over the purity and justice of the Lord of all; without sinking his law and government into contempt; without diminishing the evil of sin, and emboldening others to venture upon it, and so at once injuring the character of the supreme Ruler, and the public good? I say, How can sinners be saved, without the salvation being attended with these evil consequences?

And here you must remember, that these consequences must be provided against. To save men at random, without considering the consequences, to distribute happiness to private people with an undistinguishing hand, this would be at once inconsistent with the character of the supreme Magistrate of the universe, and with the public good.

Private people are at liberty to forgive private offences; nay, it is their duty to forgive; and they can hardly offend by way of excess in the generous virtues of mercy and compassion. But the case is otherwise with a magistrate; he is obliged to consult the dignity of his government and the interest of the public; and he may easily carry his leniency to a very dangerous extreme, and by his tenderness to criminals—do an extensive injury to the state! This is particularly the case with regard to the great God, the universal supreme Magistrate of all worlds. And this ought to be seriously considered by those men of loose principles among us, who look upon God only under the fond character of a doting father, or a being only of infinite mercy; and thence conclude, they have little to fear from him for all their audacious iniquities.

There is no absolute necessity that sinners should be saved: justice may be allowed to take place upon them. But there is the most absolute necessity that the Ruler of the world should both be, and appear to be—holy and just. There is the most absolute necessity that he should support the dignity of his government, and guard it from contempt, that he should strike all worlds with a proper horror of sin, and represent it in its genuine infernal colors, and so consult the good of the whole, rather than a part. There is, I say, the highest and most absolute necessity for these things; and they cannot be dispensed with as matters of arbitrary pleasure. And unless these ends can be answered in the salvation of men—they cannot be saved at all. No, they must all perish—rather than God should act out of character, as the supreme Magistrate of the universe, or bestow private favors to criminals, to the detriment of the public.

And in this, lay the difficulty. Call a council of all the sages and wise men of the world, and they can never get over this difficulty, without borrowing assistance from the gospel. Nay, this, no doubt, puzzled all the angels, who pry so deep into the mysteries of heaven, before the gospel was fully revealed. Methinks the angels, when they saw the fall of man, gave him up as desperate. "Alas! (they cried) the poor creature is gone! He and all his numerous race are lost forever." This, they knew, had been the doom of their fellow-angels that sinned; and could they hope better for man? Then they had not seen any of the wonders of pardoning love and mercy. Could they ever have thought that the glorious person, who filled the middle throne, and was their Creator and Lord, would ever become a man, and die, like a criminal—to redeem an inferior rank of creatures? No! Had this thought occurred to them—they would probably have shuddered at, as blasphemy!

And must we then give up ourselves and all our race as lost beyond recovery? There are huge and seemingly insuperable difficulties in the way; and we have seen that neither men nor angels can prescribe any relief. But, "Sing, O heavens, for the LORD has done this wondrous thing. Shout, O earth! Break forth into song, O mountains and forests and every tree! For the LORD has redeemed Jacob and is glorified in Israel!" Isaiah 44:23. Which leads me to add,

2. My text implies, that only through Jesus Christ, is a way opened for your salvation. He, and he alone was found equal to the undertaking; and before him all these mountains became a plain; all these difficulties vanish; and now God can be just, can secure the dignity of his character, as the Ruler of the world, and answer all the ends of government—and yet justify and save the sinner who believes in Jesus!

This is plainly implied in this glorious epitome of the gospel: "God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish—but have everlasting life!" Without this gift—all was lost; but now, whoever believes in him may be saved; saved in a most honorable way. This will appear more particularly, if we consider the tendency the mediation of Christ had to remove the difficulties mentioned. But I would premise two general remarks.

1. The first is: That God being considered in this affair in his public character, as Supreme Magistrate, or Governor of the world—all the punishment which he is concerned to see inflicted upon sin is only such as answers the ends of government. Private revenge must vent itself on the very person of the offender, or be disappointed. But to a ruler, as such, it may in some cases be indifferent, whether the punishment is sustained by the very person who offended, or by a substitute suffering in his stead. It may also be indifferent whether the very same punishment, as to kind and degree, threatened in the law, be inflicted—or a punishment equivalent to it. If the honor of the ruler and his government is maintained, if all disobedience is properly discountenanced; if, in short, all the ends of government can be answered—then such things as these are indifferences. Consequently, if these ends would be answered by Christ's suffering in the stead of sinners—then there would be no objection against it.

2. This remark introduces another, namely: That Jesus Christ was such a person that his suffering as the substitute or surety of sinners, answered all the ends of government which could be answered by the execution of the punishment upon the sinners themselves. To impose suffering upon the innocent, when unwilling, is unjust; but Jesus was willing to undertake the dreadful task. And besides, he was a person at his own disposal, his own property—and therefore he had a right to dispose of his life as he pleased; and there was a merit in his consenting to that which he was not obliged to, previous to his consent. He was also a person of infinite dignity, and infinitely beloved by his Father; and these considerations rendered the merit of his sufferings for a short time, and another kind of punishment than that of hell—equal; in fact, more than the everlasting sufferings of sinners themselves.

Jesus Christ was also above law; that is, not obliged to be subject to that law which he had made for his creatures; and consequently his obedience to the law, not being necessary for himself—might be imputed to others. Whereas creatures are incapable of doing more than they are bound to do, being obliged to obey their divine law-giver for themselves to the utmost extent of their abilities; and consequently their obedience, however perfect, can be sufficient only for themselves—but cannot be imputed to others. Thus it appears, in general, that the ends of God's righteous government are as effectually answered by the sufferings of Christ in the place of sinners, as they could be by the everlasting punishment of the sinners themselves; nay, we shall presently find they are answered in a more striking and illustrious manner! To mention particulars,

Was it necessary that the holiness and justice of God should be displayed in the salvation of sinners? See how bright they shine in a suffering Savior! Now it appears that such is the holiness and justice of God, that he will not let even his own Son escape unpunished, when he stands in the law-place of sinners, though guilty only by the slight stain of imputation (if I may so speak). Could the execution of everlasting punishment upon the hateful criminals themselves—ever give so bright a display of these attributes? It is impossible!

Again: Was it a difficulty to save sinners, and yet maintain the rights of the divine government, and the honor of the law? See how this difficulty is removed by the obedience and death of Christ! Now it appears, that the rights of the divine government are so sacred and inviolable, that they must be maintained, though the darling Son of God himself, should fall a sacrifice to justice; and that not one offence against this government can be pardoned, without his making a full atonement.

Now it appears, that the Supreme Ruler is not to be trifled with—but that his injured honor must be repaired, though at the expense of his Son's blood and life! Now, the precept of the law is perfectly obeyed in every part, and a full equivalent to its penalty endured, by a person of infinite dignity! And it is only upon this footing, that is, of complete satisfaction to all the demands of the law—that any of the rebellious sons of men can be restored into favor. This is a atoning sacrifice which Christ alone could give: to sinners it is utterly impossible, either by doing or suffering. They cannot do all the things that are written in the law; nor can they endure its penalty, without being forever miserable! And therefore, the law has received a more complete satisfaction in Christ—than it would ever receive from the offenders themselves.

Further: Was it a difficulty how sinners might be saved—and yet the evil of sin be displayed in all its horrors? Go to the cross of Christ! There, you fools, who make a mock of sin—there learn its malignity, and its hatefulness to the great God. There you may see it is so great an evil, that when it is but imputed to the man who is God's fellow, as the surety of sinners—it cannot escape punishment. No, when that dreadful stain lay upon him, immediately the commission was given to divine justice, "Awake, O sword, against my Shepherd, and against, the man who is my fellow, says the LORD Almighty! Smite the Shepherd!" Zech. 13:7.

When Christ stood in the room of sinners, even the Father spared not his own Son—but gave him up to death. That the criminals themselves, who are an inferior race of creatures, should not escape—would not be strange: but what an enormous evil must that be, which cannot be overlooked—even in the favorite of heaven, the only begotten Son of God! Surely nothing besides could give so striking a display of sin's malignity!

Was it a difficulty how to reconcile the salvation of sinners—and the public good? That is, how to forgive sins—and yet give an effectual warning against it? How to receive the sinner into favor-and advance him to the highest honor and happiness, and in the mean time deter all other beings from offending? All this is provided for in the sufferings of Christ as a surety! Let all worlds look to his cross, and receive the warning which his wounds, and groans, and blood, and dying agonies proclaim aloud! And surely they can never dare to sin without restraint. Now they may see that the only instance of pardon to be found in the universe—was brought about by such means as are not likely to be repeated; by the incarnation and death of the Lord of glory. And can they flatter themselves that he will leave his throne and hang upon a cross, as often as any of his creatures wantonly dare to offend him? No! such a miracle as this, the utmost effort of divine grace, is not often to be renewed. And therefore, if they dare to sin, it is at their peril. They have no reason to flatter themselves they shall be favored like fallen man; but rather to expect they shall share in the doom of the fallen angels!

Or if they should think sin may escape with but a slight punishment, here they may be convinced of the contrary. If the Darling of heaven, the Lord of glory, though personally innocent, suffers so much when sin is but imputed to him, what shall the sinners themselves feel, who can claim no favor upon the footing of their own importance, or personal innocence? "If these things are done in in the green tree, what shall be done in the dry?"

Thus, my brethren, you may see how a way is opened through Jesus Christ for our salvation. All the ends of divine government may be answered, and yet you pardoned, and made happy. Those attributes of the divine nature, such as mercy and justice, which seemed to clash—are now reconciled; now they mingle their beams, and both shine with a brighter glory in the salvation of sinners, than either of them could apart. And must you not acknowledge this divine God-like scheme? Can you look round you over the works of the creation, and see the divine wisdom in every object, and can you not perceive the divine agency in this still more glorious work of redemption? Redemption, which gives a full view of the Deity, not as the sun in eclipse, half dark, half bright—but as
"A God all o'er consummate, absolute,
Full orbed, in his whole round of rays complete."

And shall not men and angels join in wonder and praise at the survey of this amazing scheme? Angels are enrapt in wonder and praise, and will be so to all eternity. See! How they pry into this mystery! Hark! How they sing! "Glory to God in the highest;" and celebrate the Lamb who was slain! And shall not men, who are personally interested in the affair, join with them? Oh! are there none to join with them in this assembly? Surely, none can refuse!

Now, since all obstructions are removed on God's part, that lay in the way of our salvation, why should we not all be saved? What is there to hinder our crowding into heaven together? Or what is there requisite on our part, in order to make us partakers of this salvation? Here it is proper to pass on to the next truth inferred from the text, namely:

3. That the grand pre-requisite to your being saved in this way, is FAITH in Jesus Christ. Though the obstructions on God's part are removed by the death of Christ, yet there is one remaining in the sinner, which cannot be removed without his consent; and which, while it remains, renders his salvation impossible in the nature of things; that is, the depravity and corruption of his nature. Until this is cured, he cannot relish those fruitions and employments in which the happiness of heaven consists, and consequently he cannot be happy there. Therefore there is a necessity, in the very nature of things, that he should be made holy, in order to be saved; nay, his salvation itself consists in holiness. Now, faith is the root of all holiness in a sinner. Without a firm realizing belief of the great truths of the gospel—it is impossible that a sinner should be sanctified by their influence: and without a particular faith in Jesus Christ—he cannot derive from him those sanctifying influences by which alone he can be made holy, and which are conveyed through Jesus Christ, and through him alone.

Further, it would be highly incongruous, and indeed impossible, to save a sinner against his will, or in a way he dislikes. Now FAITH, as you shall see presently, principally consists in a hearty consent to and approbation of the way of salvation through Jesus Christ. Faith is the only way in which a sinner can be saved consistently with the divine honor: so that the constitution of the gospel is not only just—but as merciful as it can be, when it ordains that only he who believes—shall be saved; but that he who believes not—shall be damned.

Again: We cannot be saved through Jesus Christ, until his righteousness is so far made ours as that it will answer the demands of the laws for us, and procure the favor of God to us; but his righteousness cannot be thus imputed to us, or accounted ours in law, until we are so united to him as to be one in law, or one legal person with him. Now faith is the bond of union; faith is that which interests us in Christ; and therefore without faith—we cannot receive any benefit from his righteousness.

Here then a most interesting inquiry presents itself, "What is it to believe in Jesus Christ? Or what is that faith, which is the grand pre-requisite to salvation?" If you are capable of attention to the most important affair in all the world, attend to this with the utmost seriousness and solemnity.

Faith in Christ includes something intellectual in it; that is, it includes a rational belief, upon the testimony of God, that Jesus Christ is the only Savior of men. But yet it is not entirely a speculation, like the faith of multitudes among us: it is a more practical, experimental thing; and that you may understand its nature, you must take notice of the following particulars.

(1.) Faith presupposes a deep sense of our undone, helpless condition. I told you before, that this is the condition of the world without Christ; and you must be sensible at heart that this is your condition in particular, before you can believe in him as your Savior. He came to be a Savior in a desperate case, when no relief could possibly be had from any other quarter, and you cannot receive him under that character until you feel yourselves in such a case. Therefore, in order to your believing—all your pleas and excuses for your sins must be silenced, all your high conceit of your own goodness must be mortified, all your dependence upon your own righteousness, upon the merit of your prayers, your repentance, and good works, must be cast down, and you must feel that indeed you lie at His mercy, that God may justly reject you forever, and that all you can do—can bring him under no obligation to save you. These things you must be deeply sensible of, otherwise you can never receive the Lord Jesus Christ in that view in which he is proposed to you, namely, as a Savior in a desperate case.

I wish and pray that you may this day see yourselves in this true, though mortifying light. It is the lack of this sense of things, which keeps such crowds of people unbelievers among us. It is the lack of this, which causes the Lord Jesus to be so little esteemed, so little sought for, so little desired among us. In short, it is the lack of this, which is the great occasion of so many perishing from under the gospel, and, as it were, from between the hands of a Savior! It is this, alas! that causes them to perish, like the impenitent thief on the cross, with a Savior by their side! O if you once rightly knew yourselves—then you would then soon know Jesus Christ, and receive salvation from his hand.

(2.) Faith implies the enlightening of the understanding to discover the suitableness of Jesus Christ as a Savior, and the excellency of the way of salvation through him. While the sinner lies undone and helpless in himself, and looking about in vain for some relief, it pleases a gracious God to shine into his heart, and enable him to see his glory in the face of Jesus Christ! Now this once neglected Savior appears not only absolutely necessary—but also all-glorious and lovely, and the sinner's heart is enrapt with him, and forever captivated with his beauty! Now the neglected gospel appears in a new light, as different from all his former apprehensions, as if it were quite another thing. I have not time at present to enlarge upon this discovery of Christ and the gospel which faith includes; and indeed should I dwell upon it ever so long, I could not convey just ideas of it to such of you as have never had the happy experience of it. In short, the Lord Jesus, and the way of salvation through him—now appear perfectly suitable, all-sufficient, and all-glorious! And in consequence of this,

(3.) The sinner is enabled to embrace this Savior with all his heart, and to give a voluntary, cheerful consent to this glorious scheme of salvation. Now all his former unwillingness and reluctance are subdued, and his heart no more draws back from the terms of the gospel—but he complies with them, and that not merely out of constraint and necessity—but out of free choice, and with the greatest pleasure and delight. How does his heart now cling to the blessed Jesus with the most affectionate endearment! How is he lost in wonder, joy, and gratitude, at the survey of the divine perfections, as displayed in this method of redemption! How does he rejoice in it, as not only bringing happiness to him—but glory to God; as making his salvation not only consistent with—but a bright illustration of, the divine perfections, and the dignity of his government! While he had no other but the low and selfish principles of corrupt nature—he had no concern about the honor of God; if he might be but saved—this was all he was solicitous about. But now he has a noble, generous heart; now he is concerned that God should be honored in his salvation, and this method of salvation is recommended and endeared to him by the thought that it secures to God the supremacy, and makes his salvation subservient to the divine glory.

(4.) Faith in Jesus Christ implies an humble trust or dependence upon him alone for the pardon of sin, acceptance with God, and every blessing. As I told you before, the sinner's self-confidence is mortified; he gives up all hopes of acceptance upon the footing of his own righteousness; he is filled with self-despair, and yet he does not despair absolutely; he does not give up himself as lost—but has cheerful hopes of becoming a child of God, and being forever happy—as guilty and unworthy as he is! And what are these hopes founded upon? Why, upon the mere free grace and mercy of God, through the righteousness of Jesus Christ. On this he ventures his guilty, unworthy, helpless soul—and finds it a firm, immovable foundation, while every other ground of dependence proves but a quicksand!

There are many who flatter themselves that they put their trust in God; but their trust lacks sundry qualifications essential to a true faith. It is not the trust of an humble helpless soul that draws all its encouragement from the mere mercy of God, and the free offer of the gospel; but it is the presumptuous trust of a proud self-confident sinner, who draws his encouragement in part at least from his imaginary goodness and importance. It is not a trust in the mercy of God through Jesus Christ, as the only medium through which it can be honorably conveyed; but either in the absolute mercy of God, without a proper reference to a Mediator, or in his mercy, as in some measure deserved or moved by something in the sinner. Examine whether your trust in God will stand this test.

I have now given you a brief answer to that grand question, What is it to believe in Jesus Christ? And I hope you understand it, though I have not enlarged so much upon it as I willingly would. I shall only add, that this saving faith may also be known by its inseparable effects; which are such as follow: Faith purifies the heart, and is a lively principle of inward holiness. Faith is always productive of good works, and leads us to universal obedience. Faith overcomes the world and all its temptations. Faith realizes eternal things, and brings them near; and hence it is defined by the apostle, The substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. Hebrews 11:1.

Here I have a very important question to propose to you: Who among you can say, "Well, notwithstanding all my imperfections, and all my doubts and fears, I cannot but humbly hope, after the best examination I can make, that such a faith has been produced in this heart of mine!" And can you say so indeed? Then I bring you glad tidings of great joy—you shall be saved! Yes, saved you shall be, in spite of earth and hell. Saved, however great your past sins have been. Which thought introduces the glorious truth that comes next in order, namely:

4. My text implies, that every one, without exception, whatever his former character has been, who is enabled to truly believe in Jesus Christ—shall certainly be saved.

The number or aggravations of sins do not alter the case; and the reason is, the sinner is not received into favor, in whole or in part—upon the account of anything personal—but solely and entirely upon the account of the righteousness of Jesus Christ! Now, this righteousness is perfectly equal to all the demands of the law; and therefore, when this righteousness is made over to the sinner as his by imputation, the law has no more demands upon him for great sins—than for small sins; for many sins—than for few sins; because all demands are fully satisfied by the obedience of Jesus Christ to the law. You see that sinners of all characters who believe in him are put upon an equality in this respect: they are all admitted upon one common footing, the righteousness of Christ; and that is as sufficient for one as another.

This encouraging truth has the most abundant support from the Holy Scriptures. Observe the agreeable whoever so often repeated. "Whoever believes in him, shall not perish—but have everlasting life." Whoever he be, however vile, however guilty, however unworthy, if he does but believe, he shall not perish—but have everlasting life. What an agreeable assurance is this from the lips of him who has the final states of men at his disposal! The same blessed lips have also declared, "Whoever comes to me—I will never drive away." John 6:37. "Whoever will, let him take the water of life freely." Rev. 22:17. He has given you more than bare words to establish you in the belief of this truth; upon this principle he has acted, choosing some of the most abandoned sinners to make them examples, not of his justice, as we might expect—but of his mercy—for the encouragement of others.

In the days of his flesh he was reproached by his enemies for his friendship to publicans and sinners; but sure it is, instead of reproaching, we must love him on this account. When he rose from the dead, he did not rise with angry resentment against his murderers; no—but he singles them out from a world of sinners, to make them the first offers of pardon through the blood which they had just shed! He orders that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. Luke 24:47. At Jerusalem, where he had been crucified a few days before, there he orders the first publication of pardon and life to be made!

See what monsters of sin He chose to make the monuments of His grace in the city of Corinth. "Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God!"

What a dismal catalogue is this! It is no wonder such a vile crew should not inherit the kingdom of heaven; they are fit only for the infernal prison! And yet astonishing! It follows, "And that is what some of you were! But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God!" 1 Corinthians 6:9-11. What sinner after this—can despair of mercy upon his believing in Jesus!

Paul was another instance of the same kind: "This," says he, "is a faithful saying," a saying that may be depended on as true, "and worthy of all acceptance," from a guilty world, "Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners—of whom I am the worst! But for that very reason I was shown mercy so that in me, the worst of sinners, Christ Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal life!" 1 Tim. 1:15, 16. A sinner of less size would not have answered this end so well; but if Saul the persecutor obtains mercy upon his believing—then who can despair?

You see upon the whole, my brethren, you are not excluded from Christ and life by the greatness of your sins; but if you perish it must be from another cause: it must be on account of your willful unbelief in not accepting of Jesus Christ as your Savior. If you reject him, then indeed you must perish, however small your sins have been; for it is only his death that can make atonement for the slightest guilt; and if you have no interest in that, the guilt of the smallest sin will sink you into eternal ruin.

Here is a door wide enough for you all—if you will but enter in by faith. Come, then, enter in, you who have hitherto claimed a horrid precedence in sin, that who been ringleaders in vice—come now take the lead, and show others the way to Jesus Christ; harlots, publicans, thieves, and murderers, if such be among you, there is salvation even for you, if you will but believe. Oh! how astonishing is the love of God revealed in this way: a consideration which introduces the last inference from my text, namely,

5. That the constitution of this method of salvation, or the mission of a Savior into our world, is a most striking and astonishing display of the love of God. "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life!"

View the scheme all through—and you will discover love, infinite love, in every part of it. Consider the great God as self-happy and independent upon all his creatures; and what but love, self-moved love, could excite him to make such provision for an inferior part of them! Consider the world sunk in sin, not only without merit—but most deserving of everlasting punishment, and what but love could move him to have mercy upon such a world! Consider the Savior provided, not an angel, not the highest creature—but his Son, his only begotten Son; and what but love could move him to appoint such a Savior! Consider the manner in which he was sent—as a gift, a free unmerited gift; "God gave his only begotten Son!" And what but infinite love could give such an unspeakable gift!

Consider the blessings conferred through this Savior, deliverance from perdition and the enjoyment of everlasting life—and what but the love of God could confer such blessings! Consider the condition upon which these blessings are offered: faith, that humble, self-emptied grace, so suitable to the circumstances of a poor sinner, which brings nothing—but receives all—and what but divine love could make such a gracious appointment! It is of faith—that it might be by grace. Romans 4:16. Consider the indefinite extent or the universality of the offer, which takes in sinners of the vilest character, and excepts against none: "that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life!" Oh what love is this! But I must leave it as the theme of your meditations, not only in the house of your pilgrimage—but through all eternity! Eternity will be too short to pry into this mystery, and it will employ the understandings of men and angels through the revolutions of eternal ages!

And now, my brethren, to draw towards a conclusion, I would hold a treaty with you this day about the reconciliation to God through Jesus Christ. I have this day set life and death before you. I have opened to you the method of salvation through Jesus Christ—the only method in which you can be saved; the only method that could afford a gleam of hope to such a sinner as I, in my late approach to the eternal world. [This sermon was preached a little after recovery from a severe sickness, and is dated Hanover, October 2, 1757.]

And now I would bring the matter home, and propose it to you all to consent to be saved in this method, or, in other words, to believe in the only begotten Son of God. This proposal I seriously make to you—and let heaven and earth, and your own consciences, witness that it is made to you! I also insist for a determinate answer this day; the matter will not admit of a delay, and the duty is so plain, that there is no need of time to deliberate.

A Roman ambassador, treating about peace with the ambassador of a neighboring state, and finding him desirous to gain time by shuffling and tedious negotiations, drew a circle about him, and said, "I demand an answer before you go out of this circle." Such a circle let the walls of this house, or the extent of my voice, be to you: before you leave this house, or go out of hearing, I insist on a full, decisive answer of this proposal, Whether you will believe in Jesus Christ this day, or not?

But before I proceed any farther, I would remove one stumbling-block out of your way. You are apt to object, "You teach us that faith is the gift of God, and that we cannot believe of ourselves; why then do you exhort us to believe? Or how can we be concerned to endeavor that which it is impossible for us to do?"

In answer to this, I grant the premises are true; and God forbid that I should so much as intimate that faith is the spontaneous growth of corrupt nature, or that you can come to Christ without the Father's drawing you: but the conclusions you draw from these premises are very erroneous. I exhort and persuade you to believe in Jesus Christ, because it is while such means are used with sinners, and by the use of them, that it pleases God to enable them to comply, or to work faith in them. I would therefore use those means which God is pleased to bless for this end. I exhort you to believe in order to set you upon the trial; for it is putting it to trial, and that only, which can fully convince you of your own inability to believe; and until you are convinced of this, you can never expect strength from God.

I exhort you to believe, because, sinful and enfeebled as you are, you are capable of using various preparatives to faith. You may attend upon prayer, hearing the gospel, and all the outward means of grace with natural seriousness; you may endeavor to get acquainted with your own helpless condition, and, as it were, put yourselves in the way of divine mercy; and though all these means cannot of themselves produce faith in you—yet it is only in the use of these means, that you are to expect divine grace to work it in you: never was faith yet produced in one soul, while lying supine, lazy, and inactive!

I hope you now see good reasons why I should exhort you to believe, and also perceive my design in it; I therefore renew the proposal to you, that you should this day, as guilty, unworthy, self-despairing sinners—receive of the only begotten Son of God as your Savior, and fall in with the gospel-method of salvation; and I once more demand your answer. I would by no means, if possible, leave the pulpit this day until I have effectually recommended the blessed Jesus, my Lord and Master, to your acceptance. I am strongly bound by the vows and resolutions of my recent sick bed—to recommend him to you; and now I would endeavor to perform my vows. I would have us all this day, before we part, consent to God's covenant, that we may go away to our houses—justified with God!

To this I persuade and exhort you, in the name and by the authority of the great God, by the death of Jesus Christ for sinners, by your own most urgent and absolute necessity, by the immense blessings proposed in the gospel, and by the heavy curse denounced against unbelievers!

All the blessings of the gospel, pardon of sin, sanctifying grace, eternal life, and whatever you can need—shall become yours this day, if you but believe in the Son of God! Then let desolation overrun our land, let public and private calamities crowd upon you, and make you so many Jobs for poverty and affliction—still your main interest is secure; the storms and waves of trouble—can only bear you to heaven, and hasten your passage to the harbor of eternal rest!

Let devils accuse you before God, let conscience indict you as guilty, let the fiery law make its demands upon you—you have a righteousness in Jesus Christ which is sufficient to answer all demands, and having received it by faith, you may plead it as your own in law. Happy souls! rejoice in hope of the glory of God—for your hope will never make you ashamed!

But I expect, as usual, some of you will refuse to comply with this proposal. This, alas! has been the usual fate of the blessed gospel in all ages and in all countries; as some have received it, so some have rejected it. That old complaint of Isaiah has been justly repeated thousands of times; "Who has believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?" Isaiah 53:1. And is there no reason to pour out the gospel from a broken heart over some of you, my dear people? Are you all this day determined to believe? If so, I pronounce you blessed in the name of the Lord; but if not, I must denounce your doom!

Be it known to you then from the living God, that if you thus continue in unbelief—then you shut the door of mercy against yourselves, and exclude yourselves from eternal life. Whatever splendid appearances of virtue, whatever amiable qualities, whatever seeming good works you have—the express sentence of the gospel lies in full force against you, "Whoever does not believe stands condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son!" John 3:18. "Whoever rejects the Son will not see life, for God's wrath remains on him!" John 3:36. This is your doom repeatedly pronounced by him whom you must own to be the best friend of sinners; and if he condemns you—then who can justify you?

Be it also known to you, that you will not only perish—but you will perish with peculiar aggravations; you will fall with no common ruin; you will envy the lot of heathen who perished without the law; for oh! you incur the peculiarly enormous guilt of rejecting the gospel, and putting contempt upon the Son of God. This is a horrid exploit of wickedness, and this God resents above all the other crimes of which human nature is capable!

Hence Christ is come for judgment—as well as for mercy into this world; and he is set for the fall—as well as the rising again of many. You now enjoy the light of the gospel, which has conducted many through this dark world to eternal day; but remember also, this is the condemnation; that is, it is the occasion of the most aggravated condemnation, that "light is come into the world, and men love darkness rather than light!" On this principle Jesus pronounced the doom of Chorazin and Bethsaida more intolerable than that of Sodom and Gomorrah. Matt. 11:21, 22. And would it not be hard to find a place in Virginia where the doom of unbelievers is likely to be so terrible—as among us?

And now does not all this move you? Are you not alarmed at the thought of perishing; of perishing by the hand of a Savior rejected and despised; perishing under the stain of his profaned blood; perishing not only under the curse of the law—but under that of the gospel, which is vastly heavier? Oh! are you hardy enough to venture upon such a doom? This doom is unavoidable if you refuse to comply with the proposal now made to you.

I must now conclude the treaty; but for my own acquittance, I must take witness that I have endeavored to discharge my commission; whatever reception you give it. I call heaven and earth, and your own consciences to witness, that life and salvation, through Jesus Christ, have been offered to you on this day! And if you reject it, remember it; remember it whenever you see this place; remember it whenever you see my face, or one another; remember it, that you may witness for me at the supreme tribunal, that I am clear of your blood! Alas! you will remember it among a thousand painful reflections millions of ages hence, when the remembrance of it will rend your hearts like a vulture! Many sermons forgotten upon earth—are remembered in hell, and haunt the guilty mind forever. Oh that you would believe, and so prevent this dreadful effect from the present sermon!