LETTERS TO THE AGED
by Archibald Alexander
LETTER TWO
As an aged man, I would say to my fellow-pilgrims who are
also in this advanced stage of the journey of life, endeavor to be useful,
as long as you are continued upon earth. We are, it is true, subject to many
peculiar infirmities, both of body and mind, to bear up under which requires
much exertion, and no small share of divine assistance; but still we have
some advantages not possessed by the young. We have received important
lessons from experience, which, if they have been rightly improved, are of
inestimable value.
The book of divine providence, which is in a great
measure sealed to them, has been unfolded to us. We can look back and
contemplate all the way along which the Lord has led us. We can now see the
wise design of our Father in many events, which, at the time, were dark and
mysterious. The knowledge to be derived from studying the book of God's
providence, cannot be communicated to another; the lessons are like the name
upon the white stone, which none can read but he that has it. The successive
events of our lives we can make known—but the connection which these events
have with our character, our sins, and our prayers—can be fully understood
only by ourselves. He who neglects to study the pages of this book, deprives
himself of one most important means of improvement; yet many professors of
religion appear to pay little attention to the providence of God, in
relation to themselves. If they meet with some severe judgment, or some
great deliverance, their attention is arrested and they acknowledge the hand
of God in the dispensation. But as to the significance of ordinary events,
they seem to have no practical belief that they are ordered by divine
providence, or have any important relation to their spiritual duty or
welfare. I would affectionately entreat my aged brethren to make the
dealings of God's providence towards themselves, a subject of careful study.
There is within our reach, except in the Bible, no source of instruction
more important.
And to aid you in this business, permit me to recommend
to your careful perusal, two little volumes on Providence, which I have
found useful and comfortable to myself. The first is Flavel's Mystery of
Providence Opened; and the other is Boston's Crook in the Lot. These
excellent treatises may be read over and over again with profit. Perhaps the
best method of studying such books is, not to read the whole at once, or in
a short time—but to peruse a few paragraphs at a time, and then reflect upon
the subject and make application of what we read to our own case. And while
I am recommending works on this subject, I ought not to omit mentioning
Charnock's treatise on Providence. I confess I am not so familiar with this
as the treatises before mentioned—but I have found his other writings,
especially that on The Divine Attributes, so surpassing in excellence, that
I feel willing to recommend anything which ever proceeded from his pen.
I began this letter with an exhortation, to endeavor to
be useful while you live. To comply with this, you should, in the first
place, guard vigilantly against those faults and foibles into which aged
people are apt to fall. We must be careful not to mistake our
moroseness—for seriousness; our austerity—for gravity; or our discontent
with our condition—for deadness to the world.
Why should the aged be more peevish and morose than
others? If they are pious, there can be no good reason for it; but it is not
difficult to account for the fact. In the decline of life a gradual change
takes place in our physical system, by which the mind is considerably
affected; and often serious disease is added to this natural change. The
nervous system is debilitated and shattered, and in consequence, the spirits
are apt to sink, or to become irregular. To these may be added, the
afflictions and disappointments which most experience in the course of a
long life, by which the temper is apt to be soured. And when men, by reason
of the decay of mind and body, become disqualified for the same active
services which they were long accustomed to perform, and these fall into the
hands of juniors, whom they knew when children, it is very natural to feel
as if the world was turning round—as if everything was going wrong.
Aged men have always been accustomed to laud the times
long past, when they were young, and to censure all the innovations which
have come in since. Sometimes, also, the aged experience a neglect from the
young, and even a lack of respect from their own children, which is
exceedingly mortifying, and tends much to foster that bitterness of temper
so frequently found in the aged. But although these and other similar things
may be truly pleaded in extenuation of the fault under consideration, yet
they do by no means amount to an apology which exculpates us from blame.
And that old age is not necessarily accompanied by these
unamiable traits of character is proved by many happy examples. Some aged
people exhibit an uniform cheerfulness and serenity of mind; and the
remarkable fact has been recorded in regard to a few, that a naturally
irritable temper has been softened and mellowed, instead of being
exacerbated by old age. If I recollect rightly, this is mentioned as true in
relation to Dr. Rodgers of New York, by his biographer, my respected
colleague, Dr. Miller. The late venerable Dr. Livingston of the Dutch
Reformed Church, President of their College and Seminary, was distinguished
by uniform cheerfulness to a very advanced age; and his cordial and
affectionate manners were remarked and felt by all who approached him. John
Newton, of London, seems to have possessed, with large measures of divine
grace, a very happy physical temperament. It is delightful to contemplate
the old age of such a man. And while I am mentioning recorded examples of a
temper in old age deserving of imitation, I would recall to the remembrance
of my readers the case of Thomas Scott, who, at a period of life when most
men relinquish all severe labor, actually undertook to learn the Arabic
language that he might be able to give instruction to the missionaries going
to the East.
It has often been noticed, that piety is apt to decline,
with the decline of manly vigor. If this be really a common event, it is
exceedingly to be deplored. But, perhaps, it is more in appearance than
reality. It requires much stronger faith, and feelings of warmer piety to
enable an old man to go forward in his course with zeal and alacrity, than
for a young man, who is buoyed up and borne along by the vigor of youthful
passions, to do the same. But I rejoice to know that piety does not always
even appear to grow cold by the descent into the valley of years. In some
Christians it evidently goes on advancing, and their growth in grace is much
more rapid in this period of life than any other. As they approach nearer to
heaven, their hearts and their conversation are more in heaven. O that it
might be thus with us all!
As these letters are intended also for my aged friends of
the female gender, I would recommend to their notice and imitation the old
age of Mrs. Hannah More. From her first appearance as a Christian, she seems
to have gone on advancing in evangelical knowledge, and ardent piety, until
she was completely incapacitated. And even then, she lost nothing of the
respect and affection, which by her pious and benevolent labors she had
gained; for still, when her memory was so impaired that she did not remember
the books she had written, the elevation of her piety and the enlargement of
her benevolence remained unimpaired. And it is truly a delightful thought
that when, in the wreck of mind, the whole cargo of knowledge seems to be
lost, and parents no longer recognize their own children; true religion,
where it was possessed, still remains. Jesus Christ is never forgotten.
Pious sentiments are never obliterated.
Cicero in his beautiful little treatise On Old Age, in
which many judicious and pleasing sentiments are expressed, when speaking of
the decay of the memory, says that he never heard of a miser forgetting the
place where he had buried his treasure. What the mind prizes most—is longest
retained in memory. It is often remarked, and justly, "How beautiful does
sincere piety appear in youth!" But it may as truly be said, "How amiable
and venerable is exalted piety in old age!"
It has been said that avarice is peculiarly the
sin of age. We often hear of an old miser—but scarcely ever of a young
miser. This may be true in regard to those who have cherished the love of
the world all their lives. They will hug their treasures with a closer grasp
and their affections will be more concentrated on them when other objects
are removed; but this vice does not originate in old age, it is only the
mature fruit of the seed planted in early life; and though it becomes deeply
engrained in old age, it is not now so much the desire of acquiring wealth,
as of holding fast what they have got. The folly of the miser who hoards his
money without a thought of using it, is easily shown, and has often been
ridiculed. But the truth is, that all ardent pursuit of worldly objects
beyond what is necessary for the real needs of nature might be demonstrated
to be equally absurd.
But whatever men of the world may do, let not Christians
dishonor their holy profession by an inordinate love of the world.
Especially, let not the aged professor bring into doubt the sincerity of his
religion, by manifesting a covetous disposition. "Take heed," said the Great
Teacher, "and be on your guard against all covetousness, for one's life does
not consist in the abundance of his possessions." (Luke 12:15) Many begin
with little of the world's goods; and the claims of an increasing family
render it necessary to exercise much diligence and economy to make a living.
But thus it often happens that an avaricious disposition under the semblance
of necessity, and even of duty, strikes its roots deep into the soul, before
the man is aware of any danger. Indeed, it is almost impossible to convince
a man of the sin of covetousness, while he avoids open acts of injustice or
fraud.
Dear friends, it is time for many of you to give up the
further pursuit of wealth unless your object is to acquire the means of
doing good. But beware of the deceitfulness of the heart. Covetousness will
allow you to promise such an appropriation of your gains. But put yourselves
to the test by a simple experiment. Ask yourselves whether you are now
willing to make that use of the property which God has given you, that His
honor and the advancement of Christ's kingdom require. If you indeed find in
yourself that disposition to consecrate all that you have to the glory of
God, then it may be lawful to go on to acquire further means of usefulness.
But whatever you now possess, or may hereafter acquire of this world's
goods, for your soul's sake, set not your affections on these perishable
things. Be not proud of your wealth. Neglect not while you live, to do good
and communicate. Remember that you are but the stewards of the wealth you
possess, and therefore it is required of you to be faithful in the
distribution of what is put into your hands. If you have tried the plan of
stinginess, lest you should lessen your estate, now try the plan of wise
liberality and see whether that saying of Christ is not verified by
experience, "It is more blessed to give than to receive." (Acts 20:35)
Whether in the former periods of our lives we have had
prosperity or have passed through the deep waters of affliction—it is nearly
certain that in our old age we shall feel the strokes of adversity. If our
friends have been preserved in life thus far, yet we know they must all die.
If hitherto we have enjoyed uninterrupted health, yet now we must expect to
encounter pain and disease. Old age itself may be called the common
disease of our nature—which can only be escaped by death! John Newton,
in one of his last letters, says that he had but one disease—but that was
incurable, which was old age. Then, my dear friends, let us set an example
of patience and cheerful resignation under the afflictions which may be laid
upon us. The passive virtues are more difficult to be exercised than the
active; and God is perhaps more honored by quiet submission to His will
under sufferings, than by the greatest achievements of zeal and exertion.
But let us never forget that we have not the least strength in ourselves. We
are dependent on the grace of God for every good thought and desire. But if
we trust in Him we shall never be ashamed.